Sometime in June of this year I wrote this text which was meant to be published in a magazine which eventually never got to the printer (but still might, so they say). Just in case some people who (only) read English still pass by this blog I'm now dropping it here:
Blogging against surveillance, or: who's the terrorist?
On July 31 of last year, at 7 in the morning armed police stormed into the apartment where my partner Andrej Holm, I and our two children live. We learned that day that he was a terrorism suspect and that an investigation had been going on for almost a year. Andrej was arrested and flown to Germany's Court of Justice the next day. The search of our home lasted 15 hours. I was forced to wake my children, dress them and make them have breakfast with an armed policeman watching us. That day my new life started, a life as the partner of one of Germany's top terrorists [suspected terrorists?].
Andrej spent three weeks in investigative detention. The arrest warrant was signed on grounds that caused a public outcry, not only in Germany but also in many other countries. Open letters were sent to the court that were signed by several thousand people protesting against the arrests. Among the signatures were those of David Harvey, Mike Davis, Saskia Sassen, Richard Sennett and Peter Marcuse.
What had happened?
Some hours before Germany's federal police came to us, three men were arrested near Berlin, who were said to have tried to set fire to several army vehicles. The original investigation was started against four other men, of which Andrej is one, who are suspected to be the authors of texts by a group called “militante gruppe” (mg, militant group). The group is known in Germany for damaging property for years, but never using violence against people. The texts claim responsibility for arson attacks against cars and buildings in and around Berlin since 2001. German anti-terror law §129a of the penal code was used to start an anti-terror-investigation against the four. All of them write and publish online. Andrej works as a sociologist on issues such as gentrification and the situation of tenants. Outside academia he is actively involved in tenants' organizations and movements that deal with gentrification and urban development. Using words such as 'gentrification', 'marxist-leninist', 'precarisation' oder 'reproduction' in their texts was enough to start complete surveillance (a linguistic analysis by the Federal Police later showed it's most unlikely they wrote these texts). As we saw later in the files, the profile for the 'militant group' was based on several assumptions: Members of the 'militant group' are assumed to
The initial suspicion based on an internet research for similarities in writing and vocabulary led to different measures of surveillance: phone tapping, video cameras pointed at living spaces, emails and internet traffic being monitored, bugging devices in cars, bugging operations on people's conversations etc. None of these produced valid evidence, so every two or three months surveillance measures were extended. Anti-terror-investigations according to §129a of the penal code are known and infamous for the fact that they are carried out secretly and only less than 5% ever produce enough evidence to lead to actual court cases. The vast majority entail lengthy investigations, during which huge amounts of data (mostly on activists) are collected and after years the case is dropped without anyone ever knowing about it.
Not the 'terrorist' deeds themselves are being prosecuted, but rather membership or support of the said terrorist organization. Therefore investigations focus on 'who knows who and why'. For the time being we know of four such cases carried out against 40 activists in Germany last year. Participation in protests against the G8 played a prominent, but not the only role. In all four cases the names of more than 2000 people were found in the files that were handed over to the defendants: a good indication of what these investigations are really good for.
In 'our' case most likely all people who had any kind of interaction with Andrej during 2006/07 were checked by the police. Doing this they noticed two meetings that allegedly took place in February and April of 2007 with someone who was later included in the investigation as a fifth suspect, and then two others who were in touch with this 'No. 5'. The two meetings took place under "highly conspiratorial circumstances": no mobile phones were taken along, the meeting had been arranged through so-called anonymous mail accounts and during the meeting – a walk outside – the two turned around several times.
The three who were later included in the investigation are the same three who were arrested after the alleged attempted arson attack. Some hours later special police forces stormed our home and Andrej became 'the brain behind the militant group'. My identity changed to being 'the terrorist's partner'.
I was in shock. All of Berlin was on summer break. The few of us who were not away got together to gather the little we understood about the accusation. The media rejoiced with headlines such as 'Federal Police finally succeeded in arresting long searched for terror group' and we had to deal with media inquiries, talking to lawyers, talking to relatives, talking to friends, colleagues, neighbors and our children. We had to find out about life in prison, start a campaign for donations to pay for lawyers, make a website, agree on how to proceed between a rather heterogeneous group of suspects and even more heterogeneous network of friends and supporters and discuss how to deal with the media.
I realized slowly that my children and I were the collateral damage to this case. My computer was confiscated, things were taken from my desk, all of my belongings searched. My kids (2 and 5 years old last summer) lived through two searches carried out by armed police. Their father was kidnapped and disappeared for weeks.
Being a political activist myself, I am of course aware of the fact that phones can be tapped and that this is used extensively against activists. In Germany close to 40.000 phones (including mobiles) are tapped each year – we have a total population of 80 million. (http://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/media/archive/13600.pdf). To realize and later to read on paper that this concerns you is an entirely different thing from the somewhat abstract idea that you may be subjected to it.
When Andrej was released on bail after three weeks, Germany's Federal Prosecutor filed a complaint and wanted him back in detention right away, based on the idea that he might flee the country or the danger of repetition. How do you repeat membership in a terrorist organization? One of the many mysteries inside the prosecutors mind. The complaint was not granted right away, but instead Germany's Court of Justice decided it needed time to reflect thoroughly on the details of the arrest warrant (which was the origin of the huge wave of solidarity that was perceived widely in the media), the question of whether the so-called group actually qualified as 'terrorist' and whether the presented evidence justified detention.
It was impossible to overlook that Andrej was the focus of police observation. Our phones went crazy – not just once did people try to call Andrejs mobile number but ended up in my phone instead. When I in turn also tried to call him, I got my own mailbox talking to me. Our TV behaved oddly (as a result of silent, or stealth pings that were sent to Andrej's mobile phone regularly to locate him). Emails disappeared.
At some point in the middle of this, I considered starting a weblog about it. Nobody to my knowledge had ever done a blog about living with anti-terror surveillance. It was not an easy decision: were people going to believe me? Would I be portrayed as crazy or paranoid? On the other hand, unlike many other people, I know for certain that surveillance is taking place and why not write about what it feels like? Germany had a major debate about data retention last summer – the law was just passed and was to go into effect 2008 (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_retention for details). A new anti-terror federal police law was discussed in parliament and a public debate about data protection grew to dimensions nobody had thought possible some months before. The War on Terror serves to justify more repressive laws here as well. A blog about the consequences of such an investigation to a family that is admittedly interested (and actively involved) in politics, but otherwise not exactly your typical terrorist stereotype opened many eyes.
The idea of blogging had not appealed to me very much before, precisely because I am quite fond of my privacy. Why present my personal daily life to a widely anonymous public? Absurd. But now, when my privacy was already violated beyond anything imaginable, why not talk about what it feels like to people who are more sympathetic than the Federal Prosecutor? Why not talk about how ridiculous the 'facts' to prove the case really are? And there are so many amazingly strange interpretations of how we live our life, of what Andrej said on the phone, of what my mother said on the phone, that I thought nobody would believe these details just a few months later.
And so I started blogging. Mostly in German, basically because I don't find the time to translate more and maybe also because I thought that there would be more German readers interested. You can find some texts in English here: http://annalist.noblogs.org/category/en.
I wasn't familiar with the world of blogs, and probably still am not very much. I didn't have time to find out how to 'make your blog popular' and was not particularly interested in that. I wasn't really sure how much attention I'd like, and so I started by publishing in the blog the same things I had previously sent by email to people interested in the development of the case and in how we personally were doing. And I only told people I knew about it. It took about three weeks until some of the more popular political German blogs picked it up, wrote about us and the number of visits exploded. In the beginning people wondered whether this, whether I 'was real'. The blog got lots of comments and it was obvious that many people were completely shocked about what was going on. They compared the investigation to what they imagined having taken place in the Soviet Union, in China, North Korea, East German, but not 'here', in a Western democracy, a constitutional state. Another group consists of people who want to help us secure our privacy by explaining about email encryption, switching SIM cards in mobile phone and the like, not realizing that at least in the first months we actively avoided anything that could only appear as though we wanted to behave in a conspiratorial way, as this was one of the reasons Andrej became a suspect to begin with.
I thought it was pretty funny that being 'the sociologist's wife' (we are not married), people seemed to assume that Linux or encryption is something I'd never heard of. Many people expressed fear that already by reading my blog or even commenting on it they might endanger themselves. I was glad they did anyway. Others expressed admiration for us to have chosen to be so public about the case. All of this was great and very important support that made it much easier to deal with the ongoing stress and tension that come with the threat of being tried as a terrorist.
Fortunately Germany's Court of Justice took several decisions that were very favorable for Andrej. In a first, two months after the prosecutor's objection to his release on bail, the court decided not only to not allow the objection, but instead completely withdrew the arrest warrant, arguing that 'pure assumptions are not sufficient'. This decision was perceived as a 'slap in the face' of Germany's Federal Prosecutor by many journalists. One months later the same court had to decide whether the 'militant group' can be considered a 'terrorist organization' and decided against this. The German definition for terrorism demands that a terrorist act is meant and able to shake the state to its very foundations, or else to terrify the population as such. When Germany's minister of justice, Brigitte Zypries, was asked in an interview with Der Spiegel, one of the biggest political weekly magazines, about the case against the alleged members of the 'militant group', she said that she thought that the attacks of September 11 are a terrible tragedy, but in her definition not a terrorist act as it didn't manage to endanger the American state. We were rather surprised by this, to say the least. In November the Court of Justice decided that the 'militant group' can't be considered to be terrorist and ordered the other three arrested to be released on bail. At this point, the investigation is being conducted on the basis of §129 (instead of §129a), which prosecutes criminal instead of terrorist organizations, with possible sentences of up to five instead of ten years.
When Andrej was arrested for 'being terrorist', on the grounds of being intelligent, knowing many people from different spheres of society, accessing libraries and publishing texts, it felt that if this is possible, then it is thinkable that they'd even sentence him to a prison term. With months of public support and more details of the investigation becoming public, like many others, I started believing that this nightmare is terminal, that the case would have to be dropped eventually. Most people don't realize that the investigation is actually still going on. All of our phone calls are still being listened to, our emails read, Andrej's every step is being watched. Germany discusses online searches of computers and using hidden cameras in people's living spaces to detect terrorists, and we know that the secret service is using what the police only dream of. It has been an extremely straining life for almost a year now, but I am convinced that a good way to survive something like this, which terrorized us, our children, families and friends, is to not go into hiding. I understand the feeling very well of wanting to not move anymore until it's all over, to not provoke any (legal) action when you're in the focus of this kind of attention. But I also deeply believe that public attention and protest saved us and that for me personally the best thing I could do was to not keep all my fear inside, but instead to share and raise awareness of what the war on terror looks like in detail.
Links:
http://annalist.noblogs.org/category/en
http://einstellung.so36.net/en
http://einstellung.so36.net/en/ps/392
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrej_Holm
http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,2153121,00.html
Copyright according to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/deed.en
In der Regel mische ich mich in die deutsche Blog-Nabelschau nicht ein, aber eben habe ich was ganz Herzerfrischendes gefunden:
..doch muss man das Experiment mal am eigenen Leib erleben, wie es ist, wenn man auf seinem Blog politisch wird. Das ist mir erst kürzlich beim Thema Hessen und Ypsilanti erstmals so bewusst aufgefallen, wo Leser ganz schnell persönlich werden, wenn einem deine Meinung nicht passt. Da ich unpolitisch bin, war die Erfahrung recht neu für mich. Im IT-Bereich pflegen wir einen anderen Ton, der grundsätzlich durch Hilfsbereitschaft und Wissensteilung geprägt ist. So wird man also neugierig, was denn da los ist. Man hat sich schon vorher wie andere auch gefragt, wieso die politische Blogszene ziemlich unausgeprägt ist.
Der IT-Bereich ist gänzlich unpolitisch? Da bin ich aber froh, dass ich andere Leute kenne. Als Hintergrund: dies stammt vom sog. "A-Blogger" und Autoren von Basic Thinking, einem der meistgelesenen deutschen Blogs. Da dort Sachen stehen, die wiederum mich nicht interessieren, lese ich das in der Regel nicht, aber über Spreeblick und Lanu bin ich doch dahingeraten, und ich muss sagen: es ist nicht das schlechteste, wenn er sonst nichts Politisches schreibt. Es wirkt ein bisschen wie ein Experiment zur Generierung von Aufmerksamkeit, aber, wie er selbst sagt: so smart ist er gar nicht.
Aufhänger war die Hausdurchsuchung bei Burkhard Schröder, den nicht alle mögen, aber das ist ja auch gar nicht nötig, um eine Hausdurchdurchsuchung wegen eines Links in einem Web-Forum nicht richtig zu finden. Nun wünscht sich Robert Basic, selbsterklärter Politik-Newbie, an die Hand genommen zu werden, wenn's politisch wird. Da kann ich dann nur eine ganz offene Einladung hier zum Mitlesen rüberreichen. Ich jedenfalls unterhalte mich gern über Politik und auch mit Leuten, die nicht meiner Meinung sind.An dem Punkt treffe ich mich dann hoffentlich sogar mit Basic Thinking. Wenn da allerdings unterstellt wird, das gesamte "Politlager" (der Blogs, Zitat) sei dogmatisch und intolerant, verliere ich fast wieder die Lust.
Auf der anderen Seite derselben Medaille liegt das Thema, dass mit "Lutz-Heilmann-Desaster" umschrieben werden könnte. OH MEIN GOTT. Glücklicherweise ist dazu eigentlich schon alles geschrieben worden. Höchstens noch, dass das ein sehr schönes Beispiel dafür ist, was deutsche PolitikerInnen von Obama lernen könnten.
So jedenfalls, und wo wir bei der Generierung von Aufmerksamkeit waren: Robert Basic linkt zu Rivva, und dem folgend dachte ich mal wieder daran, da auch gern auftauchen zu wollen, nur habe ich mich noch nie darum gekümmert. Dazu braucht es ganz peer-to-peer die Nominierung durch ein Blog, das schon mitspielen darf. Bitte, wenn mal jemand..?
Eigentlich dachte ich, dass jetzt mal gut ist mit BKA-Gesetz, aber wenn tagesschau.de schon so titelt:
dann soll das nicht unerwähnt bleiben.
Und eine kleine faule Linksammlung zum Wochenende:
Ja, wenig überraschend haben sie es beschlossen. Wer genau dafür und wer dagegen gestimmt hat, steht hier (pdf). 20 SozialdemokratInnen haben dagegen gestimmt, was sie nicht besser macht als Grüne, FDP und Linke, die geschlossen dagegen waren. Einige der 20 haben erklärt warum, hier als pdf.
Es hat mich doch den ganzen Tag beschäftigt. Und warum? Im Gesetz steht, dass etwa 'jetzt auch' Kontaktpersonen von Beschuldigten umfassend überwacht werden können, und darüber regen sich viele zu Recht auf. Uns betrifft viel davon auch so schon, da könnte ich also weniger persönliche Betroffenheit an den Tag legen. Funktioniert aber nicht. Ich nehme es weiterhin sehr persönlich.
Ich wiederhole nicht alles, was heute überall steht. Mir ist auch nicht nach hübschem Schreiben. Zusammenfassungen u.a. bei ravenhorst, (der tut, was ich nicht tat, obwohl mir der Gedanke kam: das Ganze Ermächtigungsgesetz nennen), bei netzpolitik.org, FreiheIT-Blog, gulli.com (mit Spendensammlung für Verfassungsklage), heise.de.
Der AK Vorrat hat eilig einige wenige Unermüdliche, Grüne und Linke und allerhand Presse zu einer Kundgebung neben dem Reichstag mobilisiert (Fotos).
Kai Biermann in der Zeit: Sehenden Auges in den Überwachungsstaat
Heribert Prantl, Süddeutsche: Was der Bürger nicht weiß, macht den Bürger nicht heiß
Eine schöne Schreierei gab's bei Dellings Woche zwischen Bosbach (der deswegen nicht mit abgestimmt hat - man muss Prioritäten setzen), Baum und Buback. Leider nicht online.
Bild: AK Vorrat, Kundgebung 12.10. neben dem Reichstag
Interessante Dynamik. Heute wird der Bundestag das BKA-Gesetz verabschieden, und als ob das nicht seit Monaten bekannt sei, kommt plötzlich ein kleiner Sturm auf.
Grüne und FDP wollen vor's Verfassungsgericht, die "IT-Wirtschaft" nörgelt, JournalistInnen sind dagegen, ÄrztInnen sind dagegen, sogar die Polizeigewerkschaft ist dagegen und es munkelt, dass einige in der SPD kalte Füsse kriegen - ob Letzteres damit zu tun hat, dass es eine namentliche Abstimmung (Ergebnisse) gibt? Hübsch, aber es wird trotzdem ein sehr schwarzer Tag. Wer das Elend aus der Nähe erleben will, kann die Debatte morgen gegen 15 Uhr im Bundestags-TV verfolgen.
Guter Hintergrundbericht im Deutschlandfunk (zum hören).
Andrej war schon eingeladen, heute abend bei "Dellings Woche: Terror vor unserer Tür – Brauchen wir wirklich schärfere Gesetze?" auch was dazu sagen. Auch Bosbach und Baum werden zugegen sein. Leider haben sie es sich wieder anders überlegt, Andrej wieder ausgeladen und ein Filmchen angedacht, aber unterhaltsam wird es hoffentlich auch so, die nötige Portion Galgenhumor vorausgesetzt.
Passend zum Thema: gestern wurde die Wohnung von Burkhard Schröder durchsucht, dabei wurde sein Rechner mitgenommen, wegen eines - wenn ich das richtig verstanden habe - uralten Beitrags über Sprengchemie auf seiner Website, der auch nur kopiert war:
Verstoß gegen das Waffengesetz, war der Vorwand. Und dazu steht morgens
die Polizei in der Tür. Das kommt mir bekannt vor. Das fühlt sich nicht
gut an.
Foto: gemacht an der Riedbahnbrücke in Mannheim, vielen Dank an den Finder!